Integration of traditional medicine in the health system of Japan - Policy lessons and challenges

ObjectivesJapan's health system is proud of its excellent indicators, such as the highest life expectancy at a relative low cost compared to other OECD countries. Whereas two important foundations have been the universal insurance coverage and focus on preventive care, it is noteworthy that traditional medical systems (TRM) are also well integrated, representing an exceptional model of health system integration. This approach can provide interesting policy insights for other countries. The study critically examines the relevance and experience of integration of traditional medical methods in the Japanese health care system.MethodsThe study used methods like comprehensive literature review, as well as key informant interviews from various sectors of TRM. A qualitative analytical approach was used to classify and analyze the data.ResultsInclusion of major formulations and therapies in national health insurance; introduction of industrial production methods; quality standardization; assuring of a good demand-supply balance for resources; systematic training of doctors, pharmacists and therapists have increased availability and access of traditional medical knowledge, products and services. High interest among physicians, practitioners and the public indicate an increasing demand. In the process of modernization a positivist approach is followed and limited elements have been integrated in the health system.ConclusionTRM products and services form only a small percentage of the overall Japanese healthcare system. Yet there is good awareness among doctors and general public on the relevance of traditional medicine. TRM has been well standardized and integrated. However TRM's potential is not yet fully explored and utilized.