How metabolic acidosis and oxidative stress alone and interacting may increase the risk of fracture in diabetic subjects

Subjects with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for having fractures, a risk not necessarily improved by better glucose control. In this article, we argue that low grade metabolic acidosis and increased oxidative stress occurring in bone disease in part as a result of complications of diabetes, reinforce each other, and together constitute a double jeopardy for the development of bone fractures in diabetic subjects.