Glucose enhancement of recognition memory: Differential effects on effortful processing but not aspects of 'remember-know' responses

► Glucose has a thirty year history as a cognitive enhancer. ► Glucose administration and mental effort differentially affect aspects of recognition memory. ► Glucose improved memory under conditions of effort only. ► There was no differential effect on remember/know responses. ► This finding calls into question models of glucose enhancement of memory based on differential effects on hippocampal function.