Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5821899 | Antiviral Research | 2015 | 11 Pages |
Abstract
The influenza A virus is notoriously known for its ability to cause recurrent epidemics and global pandemics. Antiviral therapy is effective when treatment is initiated within 48Â h of symptom onset, and delaying treatment beyond this time frame is associated with decreased efficacy. Research on anti-inflammatory therapy to ameliorate influenza-induced inflammation is currently underway and seems important to the impact on the clinical outcome. Both antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs with novel mechanisms of action are urgently needed. Current methods for evaluating the efficacy of anti-influenza drugs rely mostly on transformed cells and animals. Transformed cell models are distantly related to physiological and pathological conditions. Although animals are the best choices for preclinical drug testing, they are not time- or cost-efficient. In this study, we established an ex vivo model using mouse lung slices to evaluate both antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents against influenza virus infection. Both influenza virus PR8 (H1N1) and A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) can replicate efficiently in mouse lung slices and trigger significant cytokine and chemokine responses. The induction of selected cytokines and chemokines were found to have a positive correlation between ex vivo and in vivo experiments, suggesting that the ex vivo cultured lung slices may closely resemble the lung functionally in an in vivo configuration when challenged by influenza virus. Furthermore, a set of agents with known antiviral and/or anti-inflammatory activities were tested to validate the ex vivo model. Our results suggested that mouse lung slices provide a robust, convenient and cost-efficient model for the assessment of both antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents against influenza virus infection in one assay. This ex vivo model may predict the efficacy of drug candidates' antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities in vivo.
Keywords
CXCR3MIP-1IP-10RIG-IIL-1RC-C chemokine receptor type 2CCR2GM-CSFLung sliceMIP-3αIFN-γi.p.EGCGPPAR-γIL-6TNFR1IL-1βIL-10epigallocatechin gallateinterleukin 1 betaInterleukin 10interleukin 6BALFregulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secretedtumour necrosis factor alphaintraperitonealCytokineAntiviralAnti-inflammatorygranulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factorTNF-αBronchoalveolar lavage fluidRANTESMUNANAInfluenza virusretinoic acid-inducible gene IChemokineInterferon gammaPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaInterleukin 1 receptorToll-like receptor 3
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Authors
Rui Liu, Liwei An, Ge Liu, Xiaoyu Li, Wei Tang, Xulin Chen,