Alleviation of respiratory syncytial virus replication and inflammation by fungal immunomodulatory protein FIP-fve from Flammulina velutipes

•FIP-fve is an immunomodulatory protein isolated from Flammulina velutipes.•FIP-fve decreased airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in RSV- challenged in mice.•FIP-fve reduced RSV replication and RSV-induced IL-6 expression.•We conclude that FIP-fve suppresses RSV-induced inflammation via inhibiting NF-κB translocation.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes bronchiolitis in children followed by inflammation and asthma-like symptoms. The development of preventive therapy for this virus continues to pose a challenge. Fungal immunomodulatory proteins (FIPs) exhibit anti-inflammatory function. FIP-fve is an immunomodulatory protein isolated from Flammulina velutipes. To determine whether FIP-fve affects the infection or consequence of immunity of RSV, we investigated viral titers of RSV and inflammatory cytokine levels in vivo and in vitro. Oral FIP-fve decreased RSV-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, and IL-6 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of BALB/c mice. RSV replication and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in RSV-infected HEp-2 cells were compared before and after FIP-fve treatment. FIP-fve inhibited viral titers on plaque assay and Western blot, as well as inhibited RSV-stimulated expression of IL-6 on ELISA and RT-PCR. The results of this study suggested that FIP-fve decreases RSV replication, RSV-induced inflammation and respiratory pathogenesis. FIP-fve is a widely used, natural compound from F. velutipes that may be a safe agent for viral prevention and even therapy.

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