Conundrum of angiotensin II and TGF-β interactions in aortic aneurysms

Angiotensin II (AngII) has been invoked as a principal mediator for the development and progression of both thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms. While there is consistency in experimental and clinical studies that overactivation of the renin angiotensin system promotes aortic aneurysm development, there are many unknowns regarding the mechanistic basis underlying AngII-induced aneurysms. Interactions of AngII with TGF-β in both thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms have been the focus of recent studies. While these studies have demonstrated profound effects of manipulating TGF-β activity on AngII-induced aortic aneurysms, they have also led to more questions regarding the interactions between AngII and this multifunctional cytokine. This review compiled the recent literature to provide insights into understanding the potentially complex interactions between AngII and TGF-β in the development of aortic aneurysms.

Graphical abstractDownload high-res image (79KB)Download full-size imageHighlights► The renin angiotensin system plays a critical role on aortic aneurysmal formation and development. ► Angiotensin II and TGF-β have potential interactions in the development of aortic aneurysms. ► The definitive roles of TGF-β in the development of aortic aneurysms need to be clarified.