Cholesterol and breast cancer development

Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring type of cancer in the world. Among the environmental factors believed to be responsible for this phenomenon, cholesterol has recently received considerable attention. Epidemiologic studies have provided inconclusive results, indicating that there may be a relationship between abnormal plasma cholesterol levels and breast cancer risk. However, more compelling evidence has been obtained in laboratory studies, and they indicate that cholesterol is capable of regulating proliferation, migration, and signaling pathways in breast cancer. In vivo studies have also indicated that plasma cholesterol levels can regulate tumor growth in mouse models. The recognition of cholesterol as a factor contributing to breast cancer development identifies cholesterol and its metabolism as novel targets for cancer therapy.

► Western Societies show high prevalence of breast cancer. ► Abnormal plasma cholesterol levels can affect breast cancer risk. ► Diets high in cholesterol lead to increased risk of breast cancer development. ► Breast cancer cells treated with HDL display increased proliferation. ► Elevated plasma cholesterol levels lead to more aggressive tumors in mouse models.