Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5844652 | Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry | 2013 | 7 Pages |
Abstract
The etiopathogenic mechanisms of schizophrenia are to date unknown, although several hypotheses have been suggested. Accumulating evidence suggests that excessive free radical production or oxidative stress may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia as evidenced by increased production of reactive oxygen or decreased antioxidant protection in schizophrenic patients. This review aims to summarize the basic molecular mechanisms of free radical metabolism, the impaired antioxidant defense system and membrane pathology in schizophrenia, their interrelationships with the characteristic clinical symptoms and the implications for antipsychotic treatments. In schizophrenia, there is accumulating evidence of altered antioxidant enzyme activities and increased levels of lipid peroxidation, as well as altered levels of plasma antioxidants. Moreover, free radical-mediated abnormalities may contribute to specific aspects of schizophrenic symptomatology and complications of its treatment with antipsychotic drugs, as well as the development of tardive dyskinesia (TD). Finally, the potential therapeutic strategies implicated by the accumulating data on oxidative stress mechanisms for the treatment of schizophrenia are discussed.
Keywords
EGBCATNADPHGSHMDAGSSGTBARSNOS4-hydroxynonenalHNETrxNeurolepticsTXB2GSH-PxTASO2−ROSHydrogen peroxideAlpha-tocopherolSchizophreniaPolyunsaturated fatty acidsPUFAthromboxane B2Oxidative stresscomputed tomographythioredoxinTardive dyskinesiaFree radicalssuperoxide radicalHydroxyl radicalRedoxSODAntioxidant defense systemsGinkgo biloba extractmalonyldialdehydethiobarbituric acid reactive substancesNitric oxideH2O2Total antioxidant statusVitamin ESingle nucleotide polymorphismSNPCatalaseReduction–oxidationreduced glutathioneglutathione reductaseglutathione peroxidasereactive nitrogen speciesReactive oxygen species
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Authors
Jing Qin Wu, Thomas R. Kosten, Xiang Yang Zhang,