Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5848848 | Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology | 2015 | 47 Pages |
Abstract
The health impact of the global African dust event (ADE) phenomenon in the Caribbean has been vaguely investigated. Heavy metals in ADE and non-ADE extracts were evaluated for the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant capacity by cells using, deferoxamine mesylate (DF) and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC). Results show that ADE particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) induces ROS and stimulates oxidative stress. Pre-treatment with DF reduces ROS in ADE and Non-ADE extracts and in lung cells demonstrating that heavy metals are of utmost importance. Glutathione-S-transferase and Heme Oxygenase 1 mRNA levels are induced with ADE PM and reduced by DF and NAC. ADE extracts induced Nrf2 activity and IL-8 mRNA levels significantly more than Non-ADE. NF-κB activity was not detected in any sample. Trace elements and organic constituents in ADE PM2.5 enrich the local environment load, inducing ROS formation and activating antioxidant-signaling pathways increasing pro-inflammatory mediator expressions in lung cells.
Keywords
DcfDEPTACNACNrf2DTTADEPACN-acetyl-l-cysteineGSTP1BEAS-2BI-κBdeferoxamine mesylateTOMSLPSNF-κBROSUnited States Environmental Protection AgencyinterleukinPolycyclic aromatic compoundOxidative stressdithiothreitolDiesel exhaust particlesparticulate matterWorld Health Organizationnational aeronautics and space administrationHuman bronchial epithelial cellsTotal antioxidant capacityOxidative capacityNuclear factor-kappa BMetalslipopolysaccharideNASAPuerto RicoWHOUSEPAAfrican dustglutathione-S-transferaseReactive oxygen species
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Authors
Rosa I. RodrÃguez-Cotto, Mario G. Ortiz-MartÃnez, Braulio D. Jiménez-Vélez,