Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5848888 | Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology | 2015 | 5 Pages |
Abstract
In this study we analyzed and characterized 29 psychoactive remedies, illicit drugs and their metabolites in single stages of wastewater treatment plants in the capital city of Slovakia. Psychoactive compounds were present within all stages, and tramadol was detected at a very high concentration (706Â ng/L). Significant decreases of codeine, THC-COOH, cocaine and buprenorphine concentration were observed in the biological stage. Consequently, we were interested in the possibility of alternative tertiary post-treatment of effluent water with the following aquatic plants: Cabomba caroliniana, Limnophila sessiliflora, Egeria najas and Iris pseudacorus. The most effective plant for tertiary cleansing was I. pseudacorus which demonstrated the best pharmaceutical removal capacity. After 48Â h codeine and citalopram was removed with 87% efficiency. After 96Â h were all analyzed compounds were eliminated with efficiencies above 58%.
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Authors
TomáÅ¡ Mackuľak, Michal Mosný, Jaroslav Å kubák, Roman Grabic, Lucia BiroÅ¡ová,