| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5857491 | Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology | 2013 | 5 Pages |
Abstract
⺠The new bottom-up approach does not rely on high-dose cancer data to estimate low-dose risk. ⺠It utilizes background human cancer risk and background exposures from endogenous sources. ⺠It is low-dose linear and consistent with the “additivity to background” risk concept. ⺠It provides an independent “reality check” on top-down estimates derived from high-dose animal or human cancer data. ⺠For formaldehyde, the bottom-up risk estimates are markedly lower than recent USEPA top-down estimates.
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Authors
Thomas B. Starr, James A. Swenberg,