Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5859100 | Toxicology | 2015 | 24 Pages |
Abstract
The peer-reviewed literature on the health and ecological effects of lead (Pb) indicates common effects and underlying modes of action across multiple organisms for several endpoints. Based on such observations, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) applied a cross-species approach in the 2013 Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Lead for evaluating the causality of relationships between Pb exposure and specific endpoints that are shared by humans, laboratory animals, and ecological receptors (i.e., hematological effects, reproductive and developmental effects, and nervous system effects). Other effects of Pb (i.e., cardiovascular, renal, and inflammatory responses) are less commonly assessed in aquatic and terrestrial wildlife limiting the application of cross-species comparisons. Determinations of causality in ISAs are guided by a framework for classifying the weight of evidence across scientific disciplines and across related effects by considering aspects such as biological plausibility and coherence. As illustrated for effects of Pb where evidence across species exists, the integration of coherent effects and common underlying modes of action can serve as a means to substantiate conclusions regarding the causal nature of the health and ecological effects of environmental toxicants.
Keywords
EPAGnRHZPPHPGIGF-1NAAQSU.S.δ-ALAAOPDNAROSAminolevulinic acid dehydrataseEnvironmental Protection AgencyNational Ambient Air Quality Standardsdeoxyribonucleic acidGamma aminobutyric acidCoherenceUnited StatesMode of actionLeadCausalityInsulin-like growth factorBiological plausibilityadverse outcome pathwayALADHEROISAHemoglobingonadotropin releasing hormonefollicle stimulating hormoneluteinizing hormoneFSHhypothalamic–pituitary–gonadalbody weightGABACross-speciesReactive oxygen species
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Authors
Meredith Gooding Lassiter, Elizabeth Oesterling Owens, Molini M. Patel, Ellen Kirrane, Meagan Madden, Jennifer Richmond-Bryant, Erin Pias Hines, J. Allen Davis, Lisa Vinikoor-Imler, Jean-Jacques Dubois,