Multiple point action mechanism of valproic acid-teratogenicity alleviated by folic acid, vitamin C, And N-acetylcysteine in chicken embryo model

► Valproic acid (VPA) induces teratogenesis. ► VPA induces ROS and SOD, accumulates homocysteine, and suppresses levels of folic acid and HDAC, resulting in teratogenesis. ► Folic acid, vitamin C, and N-acetylcysteine separately alleviate these changes, but partially prevent VPA teratogenesis.