Superiority of Concomitant Chemoradiation Over Sequential Chemoradiation in Inoperable, Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Challenges in the Selection of Appropriate Chemotherapy

Treatment of inoperable, locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach considering both local therapy and systemic therapy. Based on the results from several phase III studies and 2 meta-analyses, the use of concomitant chemoradiation therapy (ChRT) could significantly improve overall survival and is considered the standard of care in LA-NSCLC with good performance status. Currently, no evidence has shown a significant survival benefit of third-generation regimens applied in combination with ChRT compared with second-generation regimens. For regimens concomitant with radiation therapy, full-dose chemotherapy (such as cisplatin and etoposide or cisplatin and vinblastine) might be preferred. Additional full-dose consolidation paclitaxel-carboplatin is recommended when patients receive weekly paclitaxel-carboplatin ChRT. Effective novel chemotherapy agents or targeted therapies are required to further improve the outcome of patients with LA-NSCLC. In addition, personalized medicine concomitant with radiation therapy is a promising approach. However, little evidence exists concerning the effectiveness of this novel approach.