The Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profile of HIV-infected individuals: A multivariate cytokinomics approach

HIV infection causes the dysregulation of cytokine production. A cytokinomics approach employing cytometric bead array (CBA) technology, flow cytometry and multivariate analysis was applied to the investigation of HIV-induced T helper cell type 1 (Th1), Th2 and Th17 cytokine changes in the sera of treatment naive individuals. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and logistic regression identified interleukin (IL)-6 to be discriminatory for HIV infection with 74.6% and 71.2% of the cases correctly classified. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations to be significantly (p = 0.001 and p = 0.025) different between the groups. A scatter plot of the log IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations for the groups largely overlapped, with improved differentiation where patients were advancing to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). IL-17A levels were higher than other cytokines but did not significantly distinguish the groups suggesting that the HIV− and HIV+ individuals had similar immune profiles. This possibility was supported by other clinical indicators. Taken together, the measured cytokines (IL-6, 10 and 17) have potential prognostic value.

► Multivariate analysis of the Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokinome of ART-HIV+ sera. ► IL-6 distinguished HIV− and HIV+, >70% cases correctly classified. ► ANOVA: IL-6 and IL-10 levels differed significantly between groups. ► IL-17 levels similar between groups, marginally lower in HIV+. ► A combination of immune markers with potential prognostic value.