Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5898670 | Cytokine | 2008 | 9 Pages |
Abstract
Purpose: To prospectively investigate the effects of acute passive cigarette smoke exposure on the ocular surface and tear film in healthy non-smokers. Methods: Twelve right eyes of 12 subjects without any ocular diseases were examined before, 5Â min, and 24Â h after 5Â min of passive cigarette smoke exposure in a controlled smoke chamber. Tear samples were obtained before, 5Â min and 24Â h after smoke exposure to detect tear hexanoyl-lysine (HEL), acrolein and inflammatory cytokine concentrations. Tear evaporation rate, DR-1 tear film lipid layer interferometry, tear film break-up time (TBUT), ocular surface fluorescein staining (FS) and Rose Bengal staining (RB), Schirmer I test were performed before, 5Â min, and 24Â h after smoke exposure. Conjunctival impression cytology (IC) and brush cytology (BC) were carried out before and 24Â h after smoke exposure. Results: Tear evaporation rate, tear lipid spread time, tear film break-up time, and vital staining scores showed significant worsening with passive smoke exposure. Tear HEL and IL-6 concentrations increased significantly 24Â h after smoke exposure. Tear acrolein level showed an insignificant increase at 5Â min. IC and RT-PCR revealed a significant reduction in goblet cell density, a shift toward higher squamous metaplasia grades and a significant downregulation of MUC5AC mRNA expression at 24Â h. Conclusion: Even brief passive exposure to cigarette smoke in healthy non-smoker subjects was associated with adverse effects on the ocular surface health as evidenced by an increase of tear inflammatory cytokines, tear lipid peroxidation products and decrease of mucosal defense resulting in tear instability and damage to the ocular surface epithelia.
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Authors
Van Tuan Rummenie, Yukihiro Matsumoto, Murat Dogru, Yan Wang, Yiqian Hu, Samantha K. Ward, Ayako Igarashi, Tais Wakamatsu, Osama Ibrahim, Eiki Goto, Gré Luyten, Hiroko Inoue, Ichiro Saito, Jun Shimazaki, Kazuo Tsubota,