Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5900617 | Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology | 2015 | 18 Pages |
Abstract
Substantial progress has been made in recent years toward deciphering the molecular and genetic underpinnings of the pubertal process. The availability of powerful new methods to interrogate the human genome has led to the identification of genes that are essential for puberty to occur. Evidence has also emerged suggesting that the initiation of puberty requires the coordinated activity of gene sets organized into functional networks. At a cellular level, it is currently thought that loss of transsynaptic inhibition, accompanied by an increase in excitatory inputs, results in the pubertal activation of GnRH release. This concept notwithstanding, a mechanism of epigenetic repression targeting genes required for the pubertal activation of GnRH neurons was recently identified as a core component of the molecular machinery underlying the central restraint of puberty. In this chapter we will discuss the potential contribution of various mechanisms of epigenetic regulation to the hypothalamic control of female puberty.
Keywords
BPASirt1HDACsmiRNAsPOAGnIHMAFPRCTFsTETDMNAVPVCCCsncRNAsCBXEREsSCNNRG1PcG5hmCOGTTrxsirtuin 1LEPRPHCPMNHBPMLLLEPGnRHRDNMTsCyclin A2FGF21SUZ12TrxGASH2WDR5RPTPβEEDB lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homologYY1piRNAsCHD7sRNAsPTMsO-GlcNAcRFamide-related peptideRFRPgonadotropin-inhibiting hormoneHMTsZNFUDP-GlcNAcOGAlincRNAsO-GlcNAcaseTrithoraxLAMP3KNDyEpigenetic regulatorsUSF2NELL2GnRHestrogen responsive elementsIRX3NCOA6RYBPRNA polymerase II5-mC5-Methylcytosine5-hydroxymethylcytosineBmi1EDCsIgf1NAD+noncoding RNAslong noncoding RNAssmall RNAsuridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamineEstrogenAcetylgamma-aminobutyric acidFemale pubertyKiss1Bisphenol Aposttranslational modificationschromatin modificationsfat mass and obesity associatedembryonic ectoderm developmentRISCperFTOdynorphinmicroRNAsClockbreast cancer 1Transcriptional repressionERATranscription factorsfibroblast growth factor 21insulin-like growth factor 1Transcriptional activationArcLeptinLysineMethylDNA methylationChromatin remodeling complexRNA Induced Silencing Complexpolycomb repressive complexDynhexosamine biosynthetic pathwaygenome wide association studyGWASMeninPreoptic areaEndocrine disruptor chemicalsGnRH neuronsneuregulin 1NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidearcuate nucleusanteroventral periventricular nucleusSuprachiasmatic nucleusGonadotropin-releasing hormoneluteinizing hormoneHistonehistone deacetylaseshistone acetyltransferaseshistone methyltransferasesZinc finger proteinTumor suppressor protein p53Pol IISingle nucleotide polymorphismSNPBRCA1clock-controlled genesCRCHATsCOMPASSGABAtrithorax grouppolycomb groupCryGluglutamateGnRH receptorEstrogen receptor alphaLeptin receptorUbiquitin
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Authors
Alejandro Lomniczi, Hollis Wright, Sergio R. Ojeda,