Glycated human serum albumin induces NF-κB activation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

All together, the results suggested that gHSA-enhanced ROS production in endothelium is mediated by: 1) NF-κB activation and subsequence up-regulation of NADPH oxidase, 2) eNOS uncoupling. AP-1, although is not directly affected by gHSA, is another target for regulating NADPH oxidase and eNOS expression in endothelial cells.