| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5905137 | Gene | 2016 | 17 Pages |
Abstract
Tenomodulin (TNMD, Tnmd) is a gene highly expressed in tendon known to be important for tendon maturation with key implications for the residing tendon stem/progenitor cells as well as for the regulation of endothelial cell migration in chordae tendineae cordis in the heart and in experimental tumour models. This review aims at providing an encompassing overview of this gene and its protein. In addition, its known expression pattern as well as putative signalling pathways will be described. A chronological overview of the discovered functions of this gene in tendon and other tissues and cells is provided as well as its use as a tendon and ligament lineage marker is assessed in detail and discussed. Last, information about the possible connections between TNMD genomic mutations and mRNA expression to various diseases is delivered. Taken together this review offers a solid synopsis on the up-to-date information available about TNMD and aids at directing and focusing the future research to fully uncover the roles and implications of this interesting gene.
Keywords
MMPPBSCTCp53qPCREGRmRNAICCSUMOBMSCskDakiloDaltonRT-PCRFGFMSCCTDCysHUVECFCRISHbHLHTGFGSK-3OIRAQP1C2C12PDLHtrA3IFMPCDH19COMPPNGaseFTendon stem/progenitor cellsCOS-7THBSSca-1I-TASSERTenomodulinGene markerBone marrow-derived stem cellNIH3T3chondromodulin-1Peptide-N-glycosidase FHPDLsex determining region Ysmall nucleotide polymorphismcDNADNAIn situ hybridizationQuantitative PCRSOxArginineAsparagineApoeapolipoprotein Esmooth muscle actinaquaporin 1Argbasic helix-loop-helixscxScleraxisdeoxyribonucleic acidcomplementary deoxyribonucleic acidRNAribonucleic acidEyaImmunocytochemistryImmunohistochemistryIHCisoleucineNorthern blotTendontransforming growth factorC-terminalThrombospondinCell differentiationSMAflexor carpi radialisPeriodontal ligamentOxygen-induced retinopathymessenger ribonucleic acidembryonic dayMicroarrayHuman umbilical vein endothelial cellbone marrow stromal cellsMesenchymal stem cellMetabolic syndromethree dimensionalCysteineVascular endothelial growth factorVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)fibroblast growth factorhuman periodontal ligamentLysinematrix metalloproteinaseVasculaturePhosphate-buffered salineBMPObesityUTR یا untranslated regions untranslated regionMohawkmouse embryonic fibroblastsKnockout miceknockoutwildtypeValineReverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactionpolymerase chain reactionPCRWestern blotKilo baseCartilage oligomeric matrix proteinBone morphogenetic proteinearly growth response proteinSingle nucleotide polymorphismEyeSNPcarboxyl-terminalCollagencolsmall ubiquitin-like modifierglutamine
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Authors
Sarah Dex, Dasheng Lin, Chisa Shukunami, Denitsa Docheva,