Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5914702 | Journal of Structural Biology | 2011 | 8 Pages |
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and are some of the most rapidly evolving and diverse pathogens encountered by the host immune system. Large complicated viruses, such as poxviruses, have evolved a plethora of proteins to disrupt host immune signalling in their battle against immune surveillance. Recent X-ray crystallographic analysis of these viral immunomodulators has helped form an emerging picture of the molecular details of virus-host interactions. In this review we consider some of these immune evasion strategies as they apply to poxviruses, from a structural perspective, with specific examples from the European SPINE2-Complexes initiative. Structures of poxvirus immunomodulators reveal the capacity of viruses to mimic and compete against the host immune system, using a diverse range of structural folds that are unique or acquired from their hosts with both enhanced and unexpectedly divergent functions.
Keywords
dsDNATNFRabbitpox virusStructural virologyr.m.s.d.ECTVCPXVTNFRVACVGAGsTRAF6IKKeIF2αTLRGPCRsPDBBcl-2double-stranded DNAG-protein coupled receptorsIκB kinaseInnate immunityimmunoglobulin interferonIFNX-ray crystallographyeukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alphaSpineCell signallingtumour necrosis factorIRAKsB-cell lymphoma-2root mean square deviationCowpox virusEctromelia virusvaccinia virusProtein Data BankGlycosaminoglycanstumour necrosis factor receptorSurface receptorsToll-like receptors
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Authors
Mohammad W. Bahar, Stephen C. Graham, Ron A.-J. Chen, Samantha Cooray, Geoffrey L. Smith, David I. Stuart, Jonathan M. Grimes,