Overexpression of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Inhibits Retinal Inflammation and Neovascularization

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a serine proteinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic activities. To investigate whether PEDF overexpression has an impact on ocular neovascularization in vivo, we generated PEDF transgenic (PEDF-Tg) mice that ubiquitously express human PEDF driven by the β-actin promoter. The PEDF-Tg mice under normal conditions did not show any abnormalities in retinal histologic findings or visual function. In contrast, PEDF-Tg animals with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) developed significantly less severe retinal neovascularization compared with wild-type (Wt) mice with OIR. In addition, PEDF-Tg mice with OIR had significantly lower vascular leakage in the retina but higher occludin levels than the Wt mice with OIR, suggesting a protective effect on the blood-retinal barrier. Furthermore, retinal levels of proinflammatory factors were significantly lower in PEDF-Tg mice with OIR than in the Wt mice with OIR. In the laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model, the CNV area was significantly smaller in the PEDF-Tg mice than in the Wt mice. Also, the laser burn-induced overexpression of proangiogenic and inflammatory factors was observed in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium of Wt mice but not in PEDF-Tg mice. Taken together, these results suggest that overexpression of PEDF inhibits retinal inflammation and neovascularization in both the OIR and laser-induced CNV models. The PEDF-Tg mice provide a useful model for studying the roles of angiogenic inhibitors in neovascular disorders such as diabetic retinopathy.