Regular articleVascular biology, atherosclerosis, and endothelium biologyPhysiological Contribution of CD44 as a Ligand for E-Selectin during Inflammatory T-Cell Recruitment

Endothelial selectins guide the migration of inflammatory T cells to extralymphoid tissues. Whereas P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) functions as the exclusive ligand for P-selectin, it acts in coordination with additional glycoproteins to mediate E-selectin binding. CD44 can act as one such ligand in neutrophils, but its contribution in inflammatory T lymphocytes remains unexplored. We have used real-time in vivo imaging of the cremasteric and dermal microcirculations to explore the dynamics of leukocyte recruitment, as well as the physiological contribution of CD44 in a model of Th1-driven inflammation. CD4+ T-cell rolling frequency and kinetics, as well as arrest, were dependent on endothelial selectins and were markedly altered under inflammatory conditions. CD44 extracted from Th1 cells bound to soluble E-selectin in vitro and cooperated with PSGL-1 by controlling rolling velocities and promoting firm arrest. Using several competitive recruitment assays in a delayed-type hypersensitivity model, we show that the combined absence of CD44 and PSGL-1 impairs inflammatory T-cell recruitment beyond that of PSGL-1 alone. Differential expression of leukocyte fucosyltransferases in these cells may account for the differential use of E-selectin ligands relative to neutrophils. Our results identify additional mechanisms by which CD44 modulates the inflammatory response.