Regular ArticleThe antioxidant tempol decreases acute pulmonary thromboembolism-induced hemolysis and nitric oxide consumption

IntroductionAcute pulmonary thromboembolism (APT) is a critical condition associated with acute pulmonary hypertension. Recent studies suggest that oxidative stress and hemolysis contribute to APT-induced pulmonary hypertension, possibly as a result of increased nitric oxide (NO) consumption. We hypothesized that the antioxidant tempol could attenuate APT-induced hemolysis, and therefore attenuate APT-induced increases in plasma NO consumption.Materials and MethodsAPT was induced in anesthetized sheep with autologous blood clots. The hemodynamic effects of tempol infused at 1.0 mg/kg/min 30 min after APT were determined. Hemodynamic measurements were carried out every 15 min. To assess oxidative stress, serum 8-isoprostanes levels were measured by ELISA. Plasma cell-free hemoglobin concentrations and NO consumption by plasma samples were determined. An in vitro oxidative AAPH-induced hemolysis assay was used to further validate the in vivo effects of tempol.ResultsAPT caused pulmonary hypertension, and increased pulmonary vascular resistance in proportion with the increases in 8-isoprostanes, plasma cell-free hemoglobin concentrations, and NO consumption by plasma (all P < 0.05). Tempol attenuated the hemodynamic alterations by approximately 15-20% and blunted APT-induced increases in 8-isoprostanes, in cell-free hemoglobin concentrations, and the increases in NO consumption by plasma (P < 0.05). Tempol dose-dependently attenuated AAPH-induced in vitro hemolysis (P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with the idea that antioxidant properties of tempol decrease APT-induced hemolysis and nitric oxide consumption, thus attenuating APT-induced pulmonary hypertension.