Synthetic and endogenous β-adrenergic receptor antagonists - Comparative pharmacological characterization

It is necessary to note at very beginning, that up to now a comparative approach to the discussion of the structure and function of synthetic and endogenous β-adrenergic agonists for biomedical and clinical sciences does not appear to be available in the literature. Maybe, one of the reasons for this lies in the differential relations and constant attention of investigators either to the synthetic β-adrenergic blockers on one hand or to endogenous β-adrenergic receptor antagonists (EBARA) on the other. Therefore, the main goal of this article is to attempt to overcome this. It is clear now that there are several common properties and relevant features among synthetic β-adrenergic receptor blockers, endogenous nonspecific β-adrenergic antagonists (ENBARA) and relative endogenous specific β-adrenergic antagonists (RESBARA). They are predominantly related to the reduction of adrenergic influence, namely, β-adrenergic receptor neurotransmission, and, at an intracellular molecular level, to inhibition of adenylate cyclase and a decrease in cyclic AMP content. Other relevant and individual differences are also available and are also discussed.