Electrical Stimulation of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus Induces Responses Similar to K-complexes in Awake Humans

Our findings provide the first causal evidence that the cingulate gyrus initiates the widespread synchronous activity that constitutes the K-complex. The induction of K-complex-like responses during wakefulness suggests that the mechanisms required for the initiation of K-complexes are separate from those involved in sleep.