Electroactive SWNT/PEGDA hybrid hydrogel coating for bio-electrode interface

Electric interface between neural tissue and electrode plays a significant role in the development of implanted devices for continuous monitoring and functional stimulation of central nervous system in terms of electroactivity, biocompatibility and long-term stability. To engineer an interface that possesses these merits, a polymeric hydrogel based on poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were employed to fabricate a hybrid hydrogel via covalent anchoring strategy, i.e., self-assembly of cysteamine (Cys) followed by Michael addition between Cys and PEGDA. XPS characterization proves that the Cys molecules are linked to gold surface via the strong S–Au bond and that the PEGDA macromers are covalently bonded to Cys. FTIR spectra indicate the formation of hybrid hydrogel coating during photopolymerization. Electrochemical measurements using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance spectrum clearly show the enhancement of electric properties to the hydrogel by the SWNTs. The charge transfer of the hybrid hydrogel-based electrode is quasi-reversible and charge transfer resistance decreases to the tenth of that of the pure hydrogel due to electron hopping along the SWNTs. Additionally, this hybrid hydrogel provides a favorable biomimetic microenvironment for cell attachment and growth due to its inherent biocompatibility. Combination of these merits yields hybrid hydrogels that can be good candidates for application to biosensors and biomedical devices. More importantly, the hybrid hydrogel coatings fabricated via the current strategy have good adhesion to the electrode substrate which is highly desired for chronically implantable devices.

Graphical abstractA conductive PEGDA/SWNT hybrid hydrogel coating was fabricated onto bio-electrode surface via covalent anchoring strategy. The hybrid hydrogel-based electrode possesses good electrochemical properties due to the incorporation of SWNTs in the hydrogel.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Hybrid hydrogel was fabricated onto bio-electrode surface via covalent anchoring strategy. ► Charge transfer resistance of the hybrid hydrogel decreases to the tenth of that of the pure hydrogel due to electron hopping along the SWNTs. ► Hybrid hydrogel provides a favorable biomimetic microenvironment for cell attachment and growth. ► The hydrogel coating is well adhered to the electrode substrate and thus the electrode has good stability.