Encephalopathy with status epilepticus during sleep or continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep syndrome: A multicenter, long-term follow-up study of 117 patients

► Status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) syndrome is considered an epileptic encephalopathy. ► ESES/CSWSS occurring in less than 85% of the non-REM sleep may also be considered. ► In the symptomatic group of patients with ESES, polymicrogyria is the most frequent cause. ► Cases with ESES should be treated with clobazam, etosuccimide, sulthiame or steroid. ► In refractory cases with unilateral brain lesion, surgery may be an option.