Functional and Structural Traumatic Brain Injury in Equestrian Sports: A Review of the Literature

Equestrian-related functional and structural TBI represent a significant public health burden. Rider and horse characteristics make the sport uniquely dangerous, as the athlete has limited control over an animal weighing a thousand pounds. Helmet use rates remain very low despite clear evidence of risk reduction. Health care providers are strongly urged to lobby professional and governmental organizations for mandatory helmet use in all equestrian sports.