Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
605047 Food Hydrocolloids 2014 13 Pages PDF
Abstract

•Polyphenols in grape seed extract formed aggregates with all proteins used.•Highest precipitation capacity was determined for sodium caseinate.•Uncoated liposomes formed large-sized protein-liposome aggregates.•Chitosan-coated liposomes reduced interactions with proteins in acidic milieu.•Pectin-chitosan coated liposomes formed precipitates with proteins.

Soy lecithin liposomes with incorporated grape seed extract (GSE) were prepared by high-pressure homogenization and coated with chitosan as a first layer and pectin as a second layer. The GSE and the uncoated and coated liposomes were mixed with native and heat-treated protein solutions of bovine serum albumin (BSA), whey protein isolate (WPI) and sodium caseinate (Na-caseinate) to investigate their interactions. Uncoated liposomes without GSE had the smallest particle size (34 nm); when GSE (0.1% w/w) was entrapped into liposomes; its size increased three-fold (102 nm). The particle sizes of chitosan-coated liposomes were 80 nm and 197 nm containing GSE as well as of pectin-chitosan-coated liposomes 227 nm and 157 nm, respectively. The ζ-potential changed from −23 over +49 to −31 mV (liposomes) and −26 over 46 to −29 mV after second layering (GSE-liposomes). Prior to centrifugation, the particle diameters of the chitosan-coated liposomes were smaller than in the other samples containing GSE and the ζ-potentials were the highest of all liposome–protein mixtures (∼45 mV). After centrifugation, the polyphenols and proteins could be recovered in the supernatant, which proved that chitosan-coated liposomes have reduced precipitation properties. Additionally, only small protein concentrations too low for determination with SDS-PAGE electrophoresis were found in the residues. Na-caseinate, however, was precipitated by the positively charged chitosan-coated liposomes due to more hydrophobic forces. GSE and negatively charged liposomes (uncoated liposomes and chitosan-pectin-coated liposomes) precipitated and sedimented the proteins. This was demonstrated by increased particle sizes and reduced protein contents in the supernatants.

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Physical Sciences and Engineering Chemical Engineering Colloid and Surface Chemistry
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