Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism and orofacial clefts

No consistent evidence emerged of a strong association between risk of OFCs and any known gene related to folate metabolism. Further, recent genome-wide association studies have not identified associations between OFCs and folate-related genes. Further studies are warranted to determine whether gene-environment interactions, including gene-nutrient interactions and epigenetic modifications of genes affect the risk of OFCs.