Swept-source optical coherence tomography as a new tool to evaluate defects of resin-based composite restorations

► The purpose of this in vivo study was to investigate swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) as a new tool to evaluate defects of resin-based composites (RBC) restorations. ► We investigated 132 RBC restorations using SS-OCT images with special attention to marginal adaptation, large porosity, and internal integrity. ► Rates of defective restorations in terms of marginal adaptation, large porosity and gap formation were 65.2 percent, 27.3 percent and 15.2 percent, respectively. ► Only 18.9 percent of the RBC restorations had no defect. ► SS-OCT has the potential to provide higher-resolution information related to the structure of RBC restorations currently unavailable with any diagnostic or imaging method.