Sleep apnea-plus: Prevalence, risk factors, and association with cardiovascular diseases using United States population-level data

The prevalence of insomnia in sleep apnea is high, and substantially greater than in the general population, and this has important implications for the management of sleep apnea patients. Similar to sleep apnea-alone, individuals with sleep apnea-plus have elevated rates of cardiovascular diseases compared to the general population. Given the elevated rates of cardiovascular diseases among individuals with sleep apnea-plus, along with their known poor CPAP compliance, identification of individuals with sleep apnea-plus and treatment of their concomitant insomnia is important.