ReviewTargeting the complement system in systemic lupus erythematosus and other diseases

•Activation of the complement system can occur through one of three pathways.•Murine models define various roles of each complement pathway to host defense.•The application of complement inhibitors to SLE appears scientifically justified.

The importance of the complement system in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has long been recognized. However, despite an unprecedented amount of SLE clinical trial activities ongoing at this time, complement inhibitors have been omitted from the therapeutic assault on this disease. We review data generated from murine lupus that provide scientific support for the study of human SLE. Also reviewed is the sole study of a complement inhibitor, eculizumab, performed in patients with SLE. We conclude with a review of other inflammatory diseases where ongoing programs might provide the groundwork for the development of complement inhibitors in SLE.