T-Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin-3 Determines Severity of Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice in a TLR4-Dependent Manner

TIM-3 blockade exacerbated local inflammation and liver damage, indicating the importance of TIM-3-Gal-9 signaling in maintaining hepatic homeostasis. TIM-3-TLR4 cross-regulation determined the severity of liver IRI in TLR4-dependent manner; these findings provide important information about the modulation of innate vs adaptive responses in patients that received liver transplants. Negative co-stimulation signaling by hepatic T-cells might be developed to minimize innate immunity-mediated liver tissue damage.