Genomics in human renal transplantation

This review covers the contribution of genomics to the field of renal transplantation over the last two years. The tangible advances in genomics have mainly been in the use of expression arrays to inform our understanding of processes involved in the complex immune responses that are a feature of transplantation. There is qualitative and quantitative data on transcription elements indicative of acute and chronic rejection, short and medium term outcome and tolerance. The promise is that translation of this information will allow the development of clinical biomarkers applicable to improvements in patient care.