Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
6125876 | Seminars in Immunology | 2013 | 10 Pages |
Abstract
Efforts over the last 2 decades have led to a rich research and development pipeline of tuberculosis (TB) vaccines. Although none of the candidates has successfully completed the clinical trial pipeline, many are under advanced clinical assessment. These vaccines aim at prevention of active TB, with most of them being considered for preexposure with recent additions for postexposure or multistage administration. A few therapeutic vaccines are under clinical assessment, as well. Preexposure vaccination with the licensed TB vaccine BCG prevents severe forms of TB in children but not in adolescents and adults. The current vaccine pipeline does not include strategies which prevent or eliminate infection with the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Rather in a best-case scenario, they are quantitatively superior to BCG in preventing active TB over prolonged periods of time, ideally lifelong in the face of latent Mtb infection. Qualitatively superior vaccines should be capable of preventing or eliminating Mtb infection, in this way eliminating the risk of TB reactivation. The time is now ripe to exploit radically new strategies to achieve this goal.
Keywords
TDBTSTDCsTLRDTHPFOIGRAMucosal-associated invariant T cellsTh1MTBAg85APerfringolysinListeriolysinMycobacterium indicus praniiAntigen 85AAd35TNFGLALTBIMIPIFN-γBCGnatural killerTuberculin skin testPestureCinterferon-gammainterleukinBacille Calmette–GuérinTuberculosisLatencydelayed-type hypersensitivityBoostToll-like receptorDendritic cellsTreg cellsRegulatory T cellsadjuvant Systemtumor necrosis factormononuclear phagocytesMycobacterium tuberculosisMHCmajor histocompatibility complexPrimeMPsHlyVaccination
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Authors
Stefan H.E. Kaufmann,