Hepatitis C, hepatitis B and HIV infection among Egyptian prisoners: Seroprevalence, risk factors and related chronic liver diseases

► Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen was 8.7%, to hepatitis C virus 37%; and to HIV 2%. ► The most important predictor of being positive for hepatitis B and hepatitis C was a history of injecting drug use. ► Thirty four women (60%) and 474 men (42%) reported ever injecting drugs. ► A fifth of 501 injecting drug users reported first injecting in prison, and 347 (71%) users reported sharing needles in prison.