Interplay between microRNAs and host pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) signaling pathways in response to viral infection

•We aim to the roles of miRNAs in response to microbial stimuli.•MicroRNAs and Toll-like receptors signaling pathway.•MicroRNAs and cytoplasmic RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) signaling pathway.•MiRNAs participate in NOD-like receptors (NLRs)-mediated innate immune response.

Antimicrobial response is greatly influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs) which are the important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Simultaneously, host pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) engaged by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) also play critical roles in activating innate immunity against microbial infection. Emerging evidences suggest that the interaction between microbial-regulated miRNAs and important PRRs signaling pathways influence host immune response to microbial pathogens. In this manuscript, we describe the roles of miRNAs in virus-regulated innate immune pathways and the crosstalk between miRNAs and PRRs, further breaking out the mechanistic dissection of miRNAs-PRRs in viral infection and the development of the prognosis of disease and novel miRNA-therapeutic strategies targeting immunity.