Extracellular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral protein R causes reductions in astrocytic ATP and glutathione levels compromising the antioxidant reservoir

Article ID	Journal	Published Year	Pages	File Type
6143083	Virus Research	2012	12 Pages	PDF

Abstract

âº Extracellular HIV-1 Vpr induces a decline in astrocytic ATP and GSH levels. âº Exogenous HIV-1 Vpr promotes accumulation of reactive oxygen species. âº N-acetyl-cysteine treatment ameliorates HIV-1 Vpr-induced oxidative stress. âº Exposure of astrocytes to HIV-1 Vpr increases levels of oxidized glutathione. âº Treatment with HIV-1 Vpr disrupts primary astrocytes architectural structure.

Keywords

BSO GSSG DAPI NAC HEK GST GSH 4F2hc xCT PBS hemaglutinin 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole N-acetyl-cysteine ROS SDS–PAGE Vpr Adenosine Triphosphate ATP Astrocytes sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis buthionine sulfoximine Oxidative stress CNS central nervous system Phosphate-buffered saline polymerase chain reaction PCR HIV-1 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reduced glutathione Glutathione glutathione S-transferase oxidized glutathione Reactive oxygen species