A preload analytical method for ball bearings utilising bearing skidding criterion

•We model ball bearings which were used to calculate the optimum preload.•The optimum preload can avoid bearing skidding.•Ball bearings temperature has the minimum value.

The performance of ball bearings is greatly affected by the applied preload. This paper suggests a preload analytical method that accurately determines the optimum preload for different speed ranges. Mathematical models of ball bearings were used to calculate the proper preload. According to Hirano's criterion, the critical preload between the skidding and rolling of ball bearings is calculated as the optimum preload. Experimental results confirmed that the optimum suggested preload instilled the ball bearings with excellent temperature behaviour. This paper provides a foundation for the future development of an optimum preload technique for high-speed ball bearings.