Influences of health literacy, judgment skills, and empowerment on asthma self-management practices

•Cross-sectional study conducted among 236 asthma patients.•Patients' with higher empowerment perception managed better their asthma.•Patients' with higher judgment skills managed better their asthma.•Due to the unclear results of the role of critical literacy more research is needed.

Asthma self-management has been recognized as an essential factor for the improvement of asthma outcomes and patients' quality of life (WHO, 2013). Likewise, empowerment and health literacy have been noted as important elements for the management of chronic diseases.ObjectiveTo study the influence of health literacy and empowerment on asthma self-management.MethodsThis cross-sectional study used a self-reported questionnaire assessing health literacy, judgment skills, empowerment, and asthma self-management; 236 patients were recruited from medical offices in Switzerland and Italy.ResultsJudgment skills (B = 2.28, p < 0.001) and empowerment (B = 0.19, p < 0.05) have a significant and positive influence on several asthma self-management practices such as use of medicines, timely medical consultation, and asthma triggers control whereas health literacy (B = −0.15, p < 0.175) appeared to have a negative effect on self-management practices. However, this was not significant.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that empowered patients with adequate judgment skills carry out key self-management tasks more appropriately, which in turn will potentially result in better asthma control.Practice implicationsThis study recommends that both empowerment and judgment skills should be addressed in patient education as they serve as essential motivators to engage patients in these behaviors.