Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have poorer assisted reproduction outcomes: a case-control study

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of assisted reproductive technology (ART) in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) versus HIV-negative controls.DesignRetrospective case-control study.SettingUniversity hospital ART unit.Patient(s)Eighty-two women infected with HIV-1 and 82 women as seronegative controls.Intervention(s)Ovarian stimulation, oocytes retrieval, standard in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection, embryo transfer.Main Outcome Measure(s)Clinical pregnancies and live-birth rates.Result(s)After oocyte retrieval, all women infected with HIV-1 infected were matched 1:1 to HIV-negative controls according to the following criteria: date of ART attempt, age, parity, main cause of infertility, ART technique, and rank of attempt. Only the first IVF cycle during the study period was considered for each couple. We found no statistically significant differences between the two groups for ovarian stimulation data, fertilization rate, or average number of embryos transferred. The clinical pregnancy rate per transfer was statistically significantly lower for the cases compared with the controls (12% vs. 32%), as were the implantation rate (10% vs. 21%) and the live-birth rate (7% vs. 19%).Conclusion(s)In one of the largest studies to pair six factors that influence the results of ART, HIV infection in women was associated with poorer outcomes after ART. These results suggest that women with controlled HIV-1-infection should be counseled not to delay ART in cases of self-insemination failure or other causes of infertility. Fertility preservation by vitrification of oocytes in women whose pregnancy should be delayed may be an important future consideration.