Predictors of palliative care consultation on an inpatient gynecologic oncology service: Are we following ASCO recommendations?

•Gynecologic oncology patients referred to inpatient palliative care have higher disease and symptom burden and poor prognosis.•Referral patterns to inpatient palliative care of patients meeting ASCO recommendations for early palliative care lack consistency and timeliness.

ObjectiveDetermine predictors of inpatient palliative care (PC) consultation and characterize PC referral patterns with respect to recommendations from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO).MethodsWomen with a gynecologic malignancy admitted to the gynecologic oncology service 3/2012-8/2012 were identified. Demographic information, disease and treatment details and date of death were abstracted from medical records. Student's t-test, Fischer's exact test or χ2-test was used for univariate analysis. Binomial logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.ResultsOf 340 patients analyzed, 82 (24%) had PC consultation. Univariate predictors of PC consultation included race, cancer type and stage, recurrent disease, admission frequency, admission for symptom management or malignant bowel obstruction (MBO), discharge to skilled nursing facility (SNF) and number of lines of chemotherapy. On multivariate analysis, significant predictors of PC consultation were recurrent disease (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.3), number of admissions (≥ 3, OR 10.9, 95% CI 3.4-34.9), admission for symptom management (OR 19.4, 95% CI 7.5-50.1), discharge to SNF (OR 5, 95% CI 1.9-13.5) and death within 6 months (OR 16.5, 95% CI 6.9-39.5). Of patients considered to meet ASCO guidelines, 53% (63/118) had PC referral. Of patients referred to PC, 51.2% (42/82) died within 6 months of last admission.ConclusionsPatients referred to inpatient PC have high disease and symptom burden and poor prognosis. High-risk patients, including those meeting ASCO recommendations, are not captured comprehensively. We continue to use PC referrals primarily for patients near the end of life, rather than utilizing early integration as recommended by ASCO.