Molecular diagnostics in lymphoma: why, when and how to apply

Current strategies for diagnosing lymphomas include molecular methodologies next to histomorphological assessment supplemented by immunohistochemistry. Especially PCR-based clonality analysis and detection of chromosome aberrations by FISH can support the diagnosis and classification in difficult cases. We have to ensure that these existing molecular methodologies are used to their full potential. Yet, such analyses are not required in every situation. Ongoing optimization, dissemination of (new) protocols, standardized interpretation, and education are essential elements to ensure best practice for patient care. Here we discuss why, when, and how to apply these molecular diagnostic methods in the field of lymphoma.