Sequential Therapy Compared with Standard Triple Therapy for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication in Children: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial

ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of sequential therapy compared with standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in children.Study designIn 107 children with H pylori infection confirmed with 2 of 3 tests (13C-urea breath test, histopathology, rapid urease test), we conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing a sequential treatment (amoxicillin and omeprazole for 5 days followed by clarithromycin, tinidazole, and omeprazole for 5 days) to a 7-day standard triple eradication regimen (amoxicillin and clarithromycin plus omeprazole) followed by placebo for 3 days.ResultsIn the experimental group (n = 52) compared with the control group (n = 51), there was a significant difference in the H pylori eradication rate at 6 to 8 weeks after the completion of treatment (primary outcome), as confirmed with negative results on 13C-urea breath test (45/52 or 86.5% versus 35/51 or 68.6%; relative risk, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.02-1.60). Groups did not differ in any of the secondary outcomes (ie, adverse effects, the need for discontinuation of the H pylori therapy, compliance with therapy).ConclusionsIn children with H pylori infection, sequential eradication therapy compared with standard triple therapy resulted in a higher eradication rate, although the difference was of borderline statistical significance.