| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6237108 | American Journal of Preventive Medicine | 2016 | 9 Pages |
IntroductionFar too few smokers receive recommended interventions at their healthcare visits, highlighting the importance of identifying effective, low-cost smoking interventions that can be readily delivered. Self-help interventions (e.g., written materials) would meet this need, but they have shown low efficacy. The purpose of this RCT was to determine the efficacy of a self-help intervention with increased duration and intensity.DesignRandomized parallel trial design involving enrollment between April 2010 and August 2011 with follow-up data for 24 months.Setting/participantsU.S. national sample of daily smokers (N=1,874).InterventionParticipants were randomized to one of three arms of a parallel trial design: Traditional Self-Help (TSH, n=638), Standard Repeated Mailings (SRM, n=614), or Intensive Repeated Mailings (IRM, n=622). TSH received an existing self-help booklet for quitting smoking. SRM received eight different cessation booklets mailed over a 12-month period. IRM received monthly mailings of ten booklets and additional material designed to enhance social support over 18 months.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was 7-day point-prevalence abstinence collected at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months.ResultsData were analyzed between 2013 and 2015. A doseâresponse effect was found across all four follow-up points. For example, by 24 months, IRM produced the highest abstinence rate (30.0%), followed by SRM (24.4%) and TSH (18.9%). The difference in 24-month abstinence rates between IRM and TSH was 11.0% (95% CI=5.7%, 16.3%). Cost analyses indicated that, compared with TSH, the incremental cost per quitter who received SRM and IRM was $560 and $361, respectively.ConclusionsSelf-help interventions with increased intensity and duration resulted in significantly improved abstinence rates that extended 6 months beyond the end of the intervention. Despite the greater intensity, the interventions were highly cost effective, suggesting that widespread dissemination in healthcare settings could greatly enhance quitting.Trial RegistrationThis study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01352195.
