38th National Congress of the Italian Transplantation SocietyLiver transplantationNegative Pressure Wound Treatment of Infections Caused By Extensively Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria After Liver Transplantation: Two Case Reports

•Two cases of XDR bacterial infection after LT were described.•The 2 patients developed sepsis and deep wound infection.•We combined systemic quadruple antibiotic therapy with wound local antibiotic instillation.•Local antibiotics were delivered using NPWT with instillation.•Exploiting antibiotic synergetic effects wound healing was achieved and both patients are alive.

Although survival after liver transplantation (LT) has progressively improved over the last years, an increased prevalence of clinically relevant infections in LT patients is well documented. In particular, the spread of infections sustained by extensively drug-resistant bacteria (XDR) produced an increase in the incidence of wound infections. Implementation of treatments for these life-threatening events is mandatory. This study describes 2 LT patients in whom XDR wound infection was effectively treated using negative pressure wound treatment (NPWT) combined with targeted local and systemic antibiotic therapy. Over the last 3 years, 2 of 8 patients with XDR infection admitted to our unit developed wound infection caused by XDR Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP-XDR). Positive results of the abdominal fluid culture and of the wound swab for KP-XDR were followed by sepsis. In both cases wound debridement was required and deep fascial layer dehiscence was detected. Combination antibiotic therapy was administered for sepsis treatment and, after failure of conventional NPWT, a NPWT with local instillation (NPWTi; V.A.C.-Ulta/VeraFlo-Instillation Therapy-KCI USA, Inc., San Antonio, TX, USA) of colistin-rifampicin was applied. After NPWTi application a reduction in bacterial load and exudate was observed with reduction in inflammatory markers. A complete healing of wound was achieved and both patients are currently alive. Instillation and NPWT are widely discussed in the literature. Results of the present study indicate beneficial effects of NPWT combined with targeted local and systemic antibiotic therapy; in both cases a life-threatening complication was cured. We consider local instillation of selected antibiotics applied to NPWTi a valuable tool for deep wound infection sustained by XDR bacteria.