Recent Advances in TransplantationCase reportCritical Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome After In Vitro Fertilization Treatment in a Renal Transplant Recipient: A Case Report

•This is the first reported typical case of OHSS in a renal transplant patient.•Her serum creatinine level decreased from 668 μmol/L to baseline.•An increasing number of kidney graft recipients request IVF-ET treatment.

ObjectiveThe study sought to describe a case of critical ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) after in vitro fertilization treatment in a renal transplant recipient.PatientA 35-year-old woman with a 5-year history of renal transplantation underwent in vitro fertilization treatment with a midluteal pituitary downregulation regimen.ResultThere are only 7 cases published regarding successful pregnancies outcomes after in vitro fertilization treatment in renal transplant recipients. In the most of the case reports, there was no deterioration of graft function. However, our patient developed critical OHSS. After effective treatment, her serum creatinine level decreased from 668 μmol/L to baseline.ConclusionsOur case demonstrates that the highly specialized care and close cooperation of transplantation and perinatology teams are required when undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment in renal transplant recipients.