ReviewAsymmetric effect of automatic deviant detection: The effect of familiarity in visual mismatch negativity

•Letters: passive oddball paradigm; N standards and И deviants; reverse control.•Oblique lines: passive oddball paradigm; \ standards and / deviants; reverse control.•Shorter vMMN latency to unfamiliar (И) than familiar (N) deviants.•No such difference between the vMMNs to \ and / deviants.•Visual mismatch negativity is sensitive to the familiarity of the stimulus.

The visual mismatch negativity (vMMN) component is regarded as a prediction error signal elicited by events violating the sequential regularities of environmental stimulation. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of familiarity on the vMMN. Stimuli were patterns comprised of familiar (N) or unfamiliar (И) letters. In a passive oddball paradigm, letters (N and И) were presented as either standard or deviant in separate conditions. VMMNs emerged in both conditions; peak latency of vMMN was shorter to the И deviant compared to the vMMN elicited by the N deviant. To test the orientation-specific effect of the oblique lines on the vMMN, we introduced a control experiment. In the control experiment, the patterns were constructed solely from oblique lines, identical to the oblique lines of the N and И stimuli. Contrary to the first experiment, there was no significant difference between the vMNNs elicited by the two orientations. Therefore, the differences in vMMNs to И and N deviants are not attributable to the physical difference between the И and N stimuli. Consequently, the vMMN is sensitive to the familiarity of the stimuli.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Prediction and Attention.