Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
626390 Desalination 2009 9 Pages PDF
Abstract

Interesting prospects of a urine-based product exist as a fertilizer in agricultural applications in developing countries. However, removal of pharmaceutical residues is essential to prevent long-termenvironmental hazards. In this paper, the perspectives of urine collection and treatment are discussed with a perspective of the developing countries. Scenarios are drawn up and discussed around the processes of electrodialysis, precipitation and evaporation. A new process combination is presented consisting of nitrification in sand filters and solar evaporation, which could potentially be implemented in developing countries. Such a scenario enables good perspectives for local business development, which is an important prerequisite for the implementation of new technologies in the developing countries.

Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering Chemical Engineering Filtration and Separation